What is the primary purpose of air brakes in locomotives?

The primary purpose of air brakes in locomotives is to provide reliable stopping power for trains. Air brakes utilize compressed air to create pressure that activates the braking system, allowing for controlled and effective stopping of trains, which is critical for safety. This system enables engineers to manage the speed and halting of heavy locomotives and freight cars, which possess significant momentum and mass. Given the size and weight of trains, a dependable braking system is essential to prevent accidents and ensure smooth operation, particularly when traversing hills or approaching stations.

Other options, such as increasing speed, controlling engine temperature, or assisting with fuel efficiency, do not align with the fundamental function of air brakes. While those aspects are important in locomotive operation, they do not pertain specifically to the role of the air brake system.