What is the function of the release valve in the air brake system?

The release valve in an air brake system plays a crucial role in the operation of the braking mechanism. Its primary function is to allow air pressure to escape from the brake cylinder when the brakes are being released. When the brake operator signifies the intent to release the brakes, the release valve opens, which reduces the pressure in the brake system. This reduction in pressure enables the brake shoes to move away from the wheels, thus allowing the train to resume motion.

In contrast, mechanisms that prevent air from escaping or that automatically adjust pressure work under different circumstances and serve alternative purposes within the braking system. Increasing air pressure is also not the function of the release valve; this is typically managed by a compressor in the system. Understanding the release valve's specific role helps ensure effective and safe operations within the air brake system.